Unit 2 : Wetland Biotic resources

 Wetland Biotic resources

Wetlands are valuable natural resources that play a crucial role in the environment. They are transitional zones between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, characterized by the presence of water, waterlogged soil, and unique plant and animal species adapted to these conditions. Wetlands provide a wide range of ecological, economic, and social benefits, making them essential resources for various reasons:

Biodiversity: Wetlands are rich in biodiversity, supporting a diverse array of plant and animal species. They serve as breeding, feeding, and nesting grounds for many aquatic and terrestrial species. Protecting wetlands helps preserve the biodiversity of these ecosystems.

Water Quality: Wetlands act as natural filters, removing pollutants and excess nutrients from water. They help improve water quality by trapping sediment, absorbing nutrients, and breaking down harmful substances, which is essential for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and providing clean drinking water.

Flood Regulation: Wetlands function as natural buffers against flooding. They can absorb excess water during heavy rainfall, reducing the risk of downstream flooding. Wetlands act like sponges, storing water and slowly releasing it, which helps in flood control and reduces damage to infrastructure.

Climate Regulation: Wetlands play a role in climate regulation by sequestering carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) from the atmosphere. They store carbon in their soils, which can help mitigate the effects of climate change.

Recreation and Tourism: Wetlands offer opportunities for recreational activities such as bird watching, fishing, boating, and hiking. They are also popular tourist destinations, attracting visitors interested in experiencing the beauty and tranquillity of these unique ecosystems.

Economic Value: Wetlands provide essential resources for local economies. They support fisheries, agriculture, and forestry, and they also contribute to the tourism industry. The resources and services provided by wetlands have economic value that should be considered when making land use decisions.

Habitat and Nursery Areas: Many species of fish, birds, and other wildlife rely on wetlands for breeding and as nursery areas for their young. Protecting wetlands is essential for maintaining healthy populations of these species.

Cultural and Indigenous Values: Wetlands hold cultural significance for many Indigenous communities around the world. They are often considered sacred and are integral to traditional practices and beliefs.

Given these crucial roles, it is essential to conserve and manage wetland resources sustainably to ensure their continued benefits for current and future generations. This includes proper land use planning, regulation of development near wetlands, and restoration efforts for degraded wetland ecosystems.

Ø  Wetland day celebrated on 2^nd Feb.

Ø  Presently, there are around 2400 Ramsar sites in the world. In India, In India, there are 75 Ramsar Sites as of Feburary 2023. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017, set forth regulations for wetlands.

Ø  Theme of wetland 2023 “ the wetland restoration”.

Ø  It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971 and came into force 1975. The Ramsar convention came into force in India on 1 February 1982.