Biodiversity

 

Energy Resource

 As of 2025, the country's installed capacity is more than 500 GW, comprising 235 GW from renewable including nuclear.  The country is the world's third-largest producer of electricity. 

• Significant focus is on achieving 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.
• Key focus areas include Green Hydrogen and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to enhance grid stability.

Source	% of Share in Total
Fossil Fuels (Total)	51%
Non-Fossil Fuels (Total)	49%
Hydro	10.9%
Wind	10.6%
Solar	26.4%
Bio Mass Power/Cogen	2.2%
Waste to Energy	0.1%
Small Hydro	1.2%
Nuclear	1.7%

Nuclear energy is considered a non-renewable energy source because it relies on uranium, a finite mineral mined from the Earth, though it's a low-carbon "clean" energy with vast reserves, potentially extendable by using thorium or extracting from seawater. While uranium fuel gets used up, its immense energy density means supplies are sufficient for decades, making it a reliable, low-emission alternative to fossil fuels,

Ethanol in both petrol and wine is the same chemical compound (

$C_2{H}_{5}OH$

), but they differ significantly in purity, production source, and intended purpose. While wine ethanol is a consumable, fermented beverage byproduct (10–15% ABV), fuel ethanol is a highly concentrated (99%+), often distilled product made from biomass (like corn or sugarcane) used to improve octane and reduce emissions in vehicles. 

Assignment Question Old Question paper

 

COP 27 (6 to 18 November 2022)

27th Conference of the Parties at Sharm el-Sheikh Egypt (6 to 18 November 2022), 

For the main focus on builds  the outcomes of COP26 to deliver action on an array of issues critical to tackling the climate emergency – from urgently reducing greenhouse gas emissions, building resilience, and adapting to the inevitable impacts of climate change, to delivering on the commitments to finance climate action in developing countries. This relate to deliver on the landmark of the Paris Agreement.

Paris Agreement

UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris reached a breakthrough on 12 December 2015: the historic Paris Agreement.

The Agreement sets long-term goals to guide all nations:

· substantially reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to limit the global temperature increase in this century to 2 degrees Celsius while pursuing efforts to limit the increase even further to 1.5 degrees;

· review countries’ commitments every five years;

· provide financing to developing countries to mitigate climate change, strengthen resilience and enhance abilities to adapt to climate impacts.

The Agreement is a legally binding international treaty. It entered into force on 4 November 2016. Today, 194 Parties (193 States plus the European Union) have joined the Paris Agreement.