Solid waste management

 

Noise Pollution

 

Nuclear Hazard

 

Soil Pollution

 

Thermal Pollution

 

Marine Pollution

 

Water Pollution

 

Air pollution

 

Biodiversity

 

Energy Resource

 As of 2025, the country's installed capacity is more than 500 GW, comprising 235 GW from renewable including nuclear.  The country is the world's third-largest producer of electricity. 

• Significant focus is on achieving 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.
• Key focus areas include Green Hydrogen and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to enhance grid stability.

Source	% of Share in Total
Fossil Fuels (Total)	51%
Non-Fossil Fuels (Total)	49%
Hydro	10.9%
Wind	10.6%
Solar	26.4%
Bio Mass Power/Cogen	2.2%
Waste to Energy	0.1%
Small Hydro	1.2%
Nuclear	1.7%

Nuclear energy is considered a non-renewable energy source because it relies on uranium, a finite mineral mined from the Earth, though it's a low-carbon "clean" energy with vast reserves, potentially extendable by using thorium or extracting from seawater. While uranium fuel gets used up, its immense energy density means supplies are sufficient for decades, making it a reliable, low-emission alternative to fossil fuels,

Ethanol in both petrol and wine is the same chemical compound (

$C_2{H}_{5}OH$

), but they differ significantly in purity, production source, and intended purpose. While wine ethanol is a consumable, fermented beverage byproduct (10–15% ABV), fuel ethanol is a highly concentrated (99%+), often distilled product made from biomass (like corn or sugarcane) used to improve octane and reduce emissions in vehicles.